The bloch theorem is the unifying tool that flows through all the various approaches. They are triclinic, monoclinic, orthorhombic, tetragonal, trigonal, hexagonal and cubic. Crystal, any solid material in which the component atoms are arranged in a definite pattern and whose surface regularity reflects its internal symmetry. Pdf this is a part of lecture note on solid state physics phys. Testing problemsolving ability is the best means at the professors disposal for measuring student progress at critical points in the learning process. Crystal structure is described in terms of the geometry of arrangement of particles in the unit cell. The ideal companion in condensed matter physics now in new and revised edition. This is an introductory book on solid state physics. Xray diffraction is used not only in solid state physics but also for a wide range of problems in nanotechnology and structural. Introduction to solid state physics, 8th edition wiley. Im a condensed matter theorist, working primarily in computational manybody physics.
Structure and properties of materials 2nd edition, authored by m. The answer by joel jean is correct but it appears that the link provided by the question doesnt work so its unclear without a picture what were talking about here. Crystal structure crystal solids consist of atoms or molecules executing thermal motion about an equilibrium position fixed at a point in space. Introduction to solid state physics kittel pdf download. For the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. Ravindran, phy01e semiconductor physics, autum 20 18 december. This book introduction to solid state physics by kittel, charles, 8th edition is the basic textbook on solid statecondensed matter physics undergraduate and graduate students. As temperature increases, a solid state material can evolve into another aggregation form liquid or gas. Supplemental material from many other sources is also used. Crystal structure an overview sciencedirect topics. Solidstate physics, crystal structure, body centered tetragonal structure, crystallographic symmetry, packing fraction introduction the packing of atoms in various crystal structures is a topic that appears in virtually all introductory solid state physics and crystallography text books e.
Solid state physics studies the structural, mechanical, thermodynamic, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties of polycrystalline and noncrystalline solids for example, amorphous materials, such as glass. Applications of group theory to the physics of solids. It features a 1hour lecture video, and also presents the prerequisites, learning objectives, reading assignment, lecture slides, homework with solutions, and resources for further study. Chapter 1 crystal structure institute for theoretical physics iii. This site records some of my ongoing research activities. An introduction to theory presents an intermediate quantum approach to the properties of solids. It contains easy to follow explanations of solid state physics topics, including a detailed set of chapters on crystal structure, xray diffraction, and short sections on superconductivity, etc.
The realspace and reciprocal crystalline structures are analyzed. For example in nacl, the basic building block is composed of one na and one cl ion which is repeated in a cubic pattern to make the nacl structure 2. Crystal structure, classifying lattices, diffraction and the reciprocal lattice, scattering of a plane wave by a crystal, braggs law, xray diffraction, lattice dynamics, metals, semiconductors. Lattice systems, simple, basecentered, bodycentered, face. Crystal structure of graphite, graphene and silicon dodd gray, adam mccaughan, bhaskar mookerji. Solid state physicspdf 78p this note covers the following topics.
Solving homework problems is the single most effective way for students to familiarize themselves with the language and details of solid state physics. Covers essentially the same conceptual material as kittel, with more detail on speci c properties of solids and experimental techniques. The main property of crystal structure is its periodicity. Aimed mainly for selfstudy, the book contains appendices with the necessary background, explains each calculation in detail and contains many solved problems. Wahab, is a comprehensive book for students of pure and applied sciences and solid state physics m a wahab. The structure of all crystals can be described in terms of a lattice, with a group of atoms attached to every lattice point. We will give a simple example of two atoms a and b of different types to illustrate a crystal structure. This is where knowledge of the crystal structure of the materials used in their production is invaluable.
One is an amorphous solid which has no specific shape or structure. It covers the basics of band structure, fermi surfaces, phonons, and particles in magnetic fields. Topics are mostly from introduction to solid state physics, by c. This page contains materials for the session introducing crystalline materials. A fundamental property of a crystalline solid is its periodicity. Dresselhaus basic mathematical background introduction representation theory and basic theorems character of a representation basis functions group theory and quantum mechanics application of group theory to. A lattice is in general defined as a discrete but infinite regular arrangement of points lattice sites in a vector space 1 bravais lattice. The standard graduatelevel introduction to solid state physics. A crystal structure is obtained when an identical basis of atoms is attached to each lattice point. Another is a crystalline structure or crystals which have a specific organized structure of their particles. March, 2009 we analyze graphene and some of the carbon allotropes for which graphene sheets form the basis. Starting from the structure of matter and various types of bonds in the first chapter the mechanical properties are treated in the second chapter. Solid state physics chapter one a crystal or crystalline solid in general solids can be divided in to two distinct classes.
Solids have a definite shape and fixed volume, liquids have no definite shape selection from solid state physics book. Condensed matter physics is a core course for msc physics students. Crystal structure, xray diffraction and reciprocal lattice, crystal binding, elastic properties, lattice vibrations, thermal properties, freeelectron model,electron transport, energy bands, electron dynamics and fermi surfaces, methods for calculating band structure, semiconductors. Symmetry operations, like those for 3d strustures, can be used to describe 2d structures. Even at infinite length scales, each atom is related to every other equivalent atom in the. Application of group theory to the physics of solids m. Primitive cell a 1, a 2, a 3 and conventional cell a x, a y a z for the fcc lattice. This is the easiest to read textbook on the subject i have seen, and might be considered for undergraduates. Solid state physics phys 40352 by mike godfrey spring 2012 last changed on may 22, 2017. Please do email me if you find any typos or mistakes. In solid state physics one usually encounters lattices which exhibit a discrete translational symmetry.
The symmetry operations of a crystal carry the crystal structure into itself. We will deal with the symmetries in more detail in the lecture on crystal phyiscs. Solid state physics 1 1 course plan course introduction. Lecture note on crystal structures solid state physics. Ravindran, phy074 condensed matter physics, spring 2015. This book introduction to solid state physics by kittel, charles, 8th edition is the basic textbook on solid state condensed matter physics undergraduate and graduate students. When use of supplemental material is extensive, the source of the material is noted. Nikoli c department of physics and astronomy, university of delaware, u. Professor sadoway begins with important information about the course objectives, organization, and expectations, and proceeds to introduce the subject of solid state chemistry. The unit cell is defined as the smallest repeating unit having the full symmetry of the crystal structure. The band structure of crystals is one of the most traditional subjects of solid state physics. Crystal structure of graphite, graphene and silicon. This course contains classification and properties of condensed or solid state materials, which can be explained on the basis of arrangement of atom, ions and electron motion, spin etc. The authors goal from the beginning has been to write a book that is accessible to undergraduate and consistently teachable.
In this chapter we overview the wealth of ideas and ingenious developments in the field of electronic states in periodic potentials. Special aspects of solid state chemistry close relationship to solid state physics and materials science importance of structural chemistry knowledge of several structure types understanding of structures physical methods for the characterization of solids xray structure analysis, electron microscopy. Through this lens, the text explores different properties, such as lattice, electronic, elastic, thermal, dielectric, magnetic, semiconducting, superconducting and optical and transport properties, along with the structure of crystalline solids. They are discussed in approximately the order of the table of contents.
The quantities n and k are collectively called theopticalconstantsof the solid, where n is the index of refraction and k is the extinction coecient. Solid state physics supplement 12, introduction to the theory of normal. It also includes several howto guides and web pages for the courses ive been teaching. The geometry of the unit cell is defined as a parallelepiped, providing six lattice parameters taken as the lengths of the cell edges a, b, c and the angles between them. Upon inspection, however, the definition becomes less straightforward. Without a detailed analysis of the structure engineers and scientists would not be able to combat the problem of creating a more. This is a book which covers the topic of solid state physics comprehensively. As we have studied in the previous topic, solids are basically of two shapes. Since the publication of the first edition over 50 years ago, introduction to solid state physics has been the standard solid state physics text for physics majors. Advanced solid state physics ss2014 bravais lattice. The second chapter also includes a discussion of hookes law, plastic flow, dislocations, elasticity etc.
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